Authors must ensure the originality (no plagiarism or data falsification), integrity (transparent disclosure of research processes, data sources, and conflicts of interest), and proper attribution (accurate citation to avoid academic misconduct). The journal resolutely opposes all forms of academic misconduct (e.g., plagiarism, data manipulation) as defined in the attached industry standard, Academic publishing Specification-Definition of academic misconduct for journals (CY/T174-2019)). Authors must strictly adhere to publication ethics standards, safeguard the integrity and dignity of academia, and fully commit to fostering the healthy advancement of scientific knowledge.

Appendix: Academic publishing Specification-Definition of academic misconduct for journals (CY/T174-2019)