Objective: to understand the current situation of self-care ability, quality of life and childcare competence of primipara in puerperium, analyze the influencing factors of self-care ability, and explore the correlation between self-care ability in puerperium and childcare competence and quality of life. Methods: using the method of random sampling, 254 primiparas in our hospital were investigated from November 2019 to February 2021 by using the general information questionnaire (including the survey of health problems), the self-care ability of puerperal women self-assessment scale, the World Health Organization short form of quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) and the Chinese version of parenting Competency Scale (c-psoc) Quality of life and parenting competence. Results: before intervention, there was no significant difference in general demographic data, self-care ability score, quality of life score and parenting competency score between the two groups (P > 0.05). After the intervention, the scores of self-care ability, quality of life and parenting competence of primipara in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group at 3 and 6 weeks postpartum (P < 0.05); The results of repeated measurement analysis of variance showed that the scores of self-care ability, quality of life and parenting competence of the two groups were statistically significant at different times and groups (P < 0.05), and there was an interaction between time and groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: nursing intervention based on green model can improve the self-care ability of primipara in puerperium, reduce the occurrence of maternal and infant health problems in puerperium, improve their quality of life, enhance their childcare competence and promote maternal and infant health.