基于马斯洛需求层次理论农村留守老年人社会支持需求评估体系的构建

doi:10.16460/j.issn1008-9969.2022.08.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的构建农村留守老年人社会支持需求评估体系,为科学评估留守老年人的社会支持需求现状提供依据。方法基于马斯洛需求层次理论,采用文献研究、焦点小组、德尔菲法建立农村留守老年人社会支持需求评估体系,于2020年3—7月对14名专家进行2轮专家咨询,应用SPSS 23.0计算专家积极系数、权威系数与协调系数,经小组讨论后对条目进行修改,应用Yaahp 确定各级指标权重与组合权重。结果 2轮专家函询的有效回收率分别为100%和93%,专家权威系数分别为0.797和0.810,2轮专家Kendall's W系数为0.236~0.529（均P<0.001）。最终形成的农村留守老年人社会支持需求评估指标包括5个一级指标、11个二级指标、56个三级指标。5个一级指标的权重分别为0.315、0.315、0.118、0.192和0.060。结论本研究构建的农村留守老年人社会支持需求评估体系具有科学性和可靠性,可用于判断农村地区留守老年人的社会支持需求,以构建有针对性的社会支持体系,为养老服务的建设提供参考。

关键词: 农村, 留守老年人, 社会支持, 需求, 指标体系, 德尔菲法

Abstract: Objective To construct a social support need assessment system for the left-behind elderly in rural, and provide a basis for scientifically evaluating the status of the social support needs of the left-behind elderly. Methods Based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, used literature research, focus groups, and the Delphi method to establish a rural left-behind elderly social support needs assessment system, two rounds of expert consultation were conducted with 14 experts from March 2020 to July 2020 and applied SPSS 23.0 calculates expert positive coefficient, authority coefficient and coordination coefficient. After group discussion, the items are modified, and Yaahp was used to determine the weights and combination weight of indicators at all levels. Results The effective recovery rates of the two rounds of expert letter inquiries were 100% and 93%, the expert authority coefficients were 0.797 and 0.810, and expert Kendall's W coefficient for 2 rounds were 0.236~0.529 (both P<0.001). The final evaluation indicators for the social support needs of the left-behind elderly in rural areas include 5 first-level indicators, 11 second-level indicators, and 56 third-level indicators.The weights of the five first-level indicators were 0.315, 0.315, 0.118, 0.192 and 0.060 respectively. Conclusion The assessment indicators in the study were scientific and reliable. It could be used to determine the social support needs of left-behind elderly in rural areas, to build a targeted social support system and provide references for the construction of elderly care services.

Key words: rural, left-behind elderly, social support, need, indicator system, Delphi technique

中图分类号:

R473.2

康艳楠, 魏文彤, 王瑞瑞, 张春梅, 刘彦慧. 基于马斯洛需求层次理论农村留守老年人社会支持需求评估体系的构建[J]. 护理学报, 2022, 29(8): 1-6.

KANG Yan-nan, WEI Wen-tong, WANG Rui-rui, ZHANG Chun-mei, LIU Yan-hui. Construction of Evaluation System for Needs of Social Support for Left-behind Elderly in Rural Based on Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory[J]. Journal of Nursing, 2022, 29(8): 1-6.

参考文献

[1] 国家统计局.第七次全国人口普查公报(第五号)[R/OL]. (2021-05-11)[2021-10-03]. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/202106/t20210628_1818824.html
[2] 党俊武. 老龄蓝皮书:中国城乡老年人生活状况调查报告(2018)[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2018:1-2.
[3] 魏利娇,李晨阳,曹玉迪,等. 农村留守老人生命质量[J].中国老年学杂志,2019, 39(1):230-233.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-9202.2019.01.078.
[4] 盛昕. 新时期我国养老服务体系建设存在的问题与完善路径[J].学术交流,2018,34(10):125-131. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-8284.2018.10.016.
[5] 孙薇薇,石丹妮.社会支持的影响机制与农村老年心理健康[J]. 社会学评论,2020,8(4):77-87.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-5154.2020.04.006.
[6] 魏国芳,曹梅娟.杭州市某农村城市化社区空巢老人生活质量现状及影响因素研究[J].护理学报,2015, 22(11):1-6. DOI:10.16460/j.issn1008-9969.2015.11.001.
[7] 张帆,朱树贞,邓平基.领悟社会支持量表在国内住院病人社会支持研究中的应用评价[J].护理研究, 2018,32(13):2048-2052. DOI:10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2018.13.015.
[8] 陈习琼,林登凯.滇东北农村留守老人社会支持的影响因素及对策[J].中国老年学杂志,2017,37(11):2826-2828. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-9202.2017.11.101.
[9] 王孟妮,赵明利,韩梦丹,等.养老机构老年人家庭支持需求问卷的编制与信效度检验[J].护理学杂志,2020,35(19):81-84. DOI:10.3870/j.issn.1001-4152.2020.19.081.
[10] 林琴,张文,孙坤,等.成都市社区居家老年人医养结合服务需求现状及其影响因素[J].医学与社会,2020,33(10):65-68,74. DOI:10.13723/j.yxysh.2020.10.013.
[11] Cortes A, Hunt N, Mchale S.Development of the Scale of Perceived Social Support in HIV(PSS-HIV)[J].Aids Behav, 2014, 18(12):2274-2284.
[12] Maslow AH.A Theory of Human Motivation[J]. Psychological Review, 1943, 50:370.
[13] Ruzhen L, Chunmei Z, Yanhui L.Health Risk Assessment Indicators for the Left-behind Elderly in Rural China: A Delphi Study[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020, 17(1):340-351. DOI:10.3390/ijerph17010340.
[14] 王硕,解会军,井坤娟.养老机构老年人需求评估问卷的信效度[J].中国老年学杂志,2018,38(2):457-460. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-9202.2018.02.086.
[15] 袁宗梁,李梦华.农村留守老人的社会支持系统研究——以江苏省南京市M村为例[J].湖北农业科学, 2017,56(21):4199-4202,4211. DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.21.048.
[16] 伍琳,孙艳杰.德尔菲法简介及在护理学中的应用现状[J].护理研究,2015,29(29):3599-3601.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-6493.2015.29.006.
[17] 宋慧娟,廖少娜,乔惠,等.护理人文关怀示范病区建设标准的构建[J].护理学报,2021,28(16):63-68. DOI:10.16460/j.issn1008-9969.2021.16.063.
[18] 刘乐斌. 基于平衡计分卡的军队中心医院成本控制指标体系的构建及其应用研究[D].重庆:中国人民解放军陆军军医大学,2011.
[19] 周亚丽,张焕梅,刘小凡,等.构建支气管哮喘患者护理质量评价指标体系[J].护理学报,2021,28(15):63-68. DOI:10.16460/j.issn1008-9969.2021.15.063.
[20] 罗如珍,解文君,刘玉典,等.成年急性白血病化疗患者健康教育效果评价指标体系的构建[J].中华护理杂志,2019,54(10):1482-1487. DOI:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2019.10.007.
[21] 刘晓辉,赵庆华,肖明朝.护理院失能老年人长期照护服务质量评价指标体系的构建[J].中华护理杂志,2019,54(6):902-907. DOI:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2019.06.019.
[22] Diamond IR, Grant RC, Feldman BM, et al.Defining Consensus: A Systematic Review Recommends Methodologic Criteria for Reporting of Delphi Studies[J].J Clin Epidemiol, 2014, 67(4):401-409. DOI:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.12.002.
[23] Jingjing P, Wen L, Lu H.Research on Evaluation Index System of Chinese City Safety Resilience Based on Delphi Method and Cloud Model[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health,2019,16(20):3802-3818.DOI:10.3390/ijerph16203802.
[24] 徐忠,唐亚林.基于马斯洛理论的农村留守老人需求问题研究[J].云南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2017,11(6):59-65. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-390X(s).2017.06.011.
[25] Lee H Y, Kondo N, Oh J.Medical Expenditure and Unmet Need of the Pre-elderly and the Elderly According to Job Status in Korea: Are the Elderly Indeed Most Vulnerable?[J]. PLoS One, 2018, 13(3):e0193676.DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0193676.
[26] 熊慧琦. 基于马斯洛需求理论的国家级贫困县留守老人的需求问题研究[J].当代经济,2019,19(9):148-151. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-9378.2019.09.040.
[27] Andrade T, Andrade F.Unmet Need for Assistance with Activities of Daily Life among Older Adults in Brazil[J]. Rev Saude Publica, 2018, 52(1):75-84. DOI:10.11606/S1518-8787.2018052000463.
[28] Jose JM, Luciana MJ, Domingo OB, et al.What Older Complex Chronic Patients Need to Know about Their Everyday Medication for Safe Drug Use[J]. Expert Opin Drug Saf, 2014, 13(6):713-721. DOI:10.1517/14740338.2014.916272.
[29] 唐踔. 构建以需求为导向的农村留守老人社会支持体系[J].中国老年学杂志,2016,36(8):2024-2027. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-9202.2016.08.112.
[30] Oliveira DC, Oliveira CM, Lina-costa MF, et al. Difficulty in Performing Activities of Daily Living and the Need for Help in Older Adults: Evidence on Social Distancing Models from the ELSI-COVID-19 Initiative[J]. Cad Saude Publica, 2020, 36(suppl 3):e00213520. DOI:10.1590/0102-311X00213520.
[31] Chen S, Zheng J, Chen C, et al.Unmet Needs of Activities of Daily Living among a Community-based Sample of Disabled Elderly People in Eastern China: A Cross-sectional Study[J]. BMC Geriatr, 2018, 18(1):160-171. DOI:10.1186/s12877-018-0856-6.
[32] Cjrusciel LP, Kulik T, Jakubowska K, et al.Differences in the Perception of Social Support among Rural Area Seniors-A Cross-Sectional Survey of Polish Population[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2018, 15(16):1288-1300. DOI:10.3390/ijerph15061288.

相关文章 15

[1]	郭林芳, 张培莉, 侯晓雅, 李滢, 曹敏, 高超越. 肝癌化疗患者线上线下结合营养干预方案的构建[J]. 护理学报, 2025, 32(4): 1-5.
[2]	田美雨, 王翠玲, 高若男, 田佳, 刘怡. 妇科肿瘤科护士性健康照护培训方案的构建[J]. 护理学报, 2025, 32(4): 18-23.
[3]	牛青梅, 喻英, 张倩, 贾雅甜, 田宇. 基于“三维质量结构”模型构建下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者随访管理评价指标体系[J]. 护理学报, 2025, 32(2): 70-73.
[4]	谭丘羽, 邓一芯, 冀婉倩, 王冬华. 农村老年人自我刻板化与主观记忆抱怨在自我感知老化与痴呆恐惧间的链式中介效应[J]. 护理学报, 2025, 32(1): 56-61.
[5]	全伊萍, 陈霞, 胡琼丹. 脑心健康管理师核心胜任力评价指标体系的构建[J]. 护理学报, 2024, 31(9): 5-9.
[6]	林丽华, 盖薇, 王语璇, 尹丽丽, 吕郑晗, 陶艳玲. 自我同情在脑卒中患者社会支持与病耻感的中介作用[J]. 护理学报, 2024, 31(9): 15-19.
[7]	李丁丁, 王帅有, 朱杉杉, 郭鑫, 张会敏, 王宏茹, 潘勤. 脑卒中患者支持性照护需求评估工具的范围综述[J]. 护理学报, 2024, 31(9): 48-53.
[8]	冯春玲, 胡夏晴, 徐琳, 蔡鑫健, 徐琴鸿. 基于社会生态系统理论的电话指导公众实施心肺复苏行为动机及需求的质性研究[J]. 护理学报, 2024, 31(9): 66-71.
[9]	陈芮, 王梅, 唐晓霞, 朱傲雪, 毛惠娜. 基于ERG理论的免疫检查点抑制剂治疗癌症患者护理需求方案的构建[J]. 护理学报, 2024, 31(7): 1-5.
[10]	林育鹏, 张丽. 231例炎症性肠病复发患者挫败感现状及影响因素分析[J]. 护理学报, 2024, 31(6): 18-21.
[11]	胡晓涵, 占婷婷, 何望生, 乔疏桐, 李雪. 肝豆状核变性患者自我管理体验的质性研究[J]. 护理学报, 2024, 31(5): 17-21.
[12]	喻建芳, 曾超超, 吴俊琪. 安宁疗护病房住院患者的基于需求评估的护理实践[J]. 护理学报, 2024, 31(4): 75-78.
[13]	张许婷, 罗彩凤, 魏兰芝, 邵校, 尚彬, 卞泽坤, 吕妃, 孙炜怡. 实习护生体面劳动感的潜在剖面分析及影响因素研究[J]. 护理学报, 2024, 31(3): 12-16.
[14]	何洪, 王佳琳, 袁中清, 滕梅, 任黔黔, 蔚萌. 领悟社会支持在护士应急能力与心理负荷的中介效应分析[J]. 护理学报, 2024, 31(3): 63-67.
[15]	陈坚, 项丽君, 罗彦嗣, 陈建辉, 崔艳丽, 廖琳, 颜明玉, 张晓梅. 脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者“互联网+”延续性康复管理方案的构建[J]. 护理学报, 2024, 31(24): 1-6.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared