领悟社会支持在养老机构老年人孤独感与成功老龄化的中介效应

doi:10.16460/j.issn1008-9969.2021.17.053

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探讨领悟社会支持在养老机构老年人孤独感与成功老龄化之间的中介效应。方法采取便利抽样的方法,于2020年8—12月选取河北省和天津市8所养老机构的428名老年人作为研究对象,采用成功老龄化量表、领悟社会支持量表和孤独感量表简版对其进行调查。采用AMOS 23.0软件建立结构方程模型并用Bootstrap法检验模型。结果本组养老机构老年人的孤独感、领悟社会支持以及成功老龄化总分分别为（16.65±2.70）分、（62.52±7.27）分、（55.79±7.20）分;结构方程模型结果显示,孤独感对成功老龄化具有直接负向效应（β=-0.430,P<0.001）,领悟社会支持在孤独感对成功老龄化的影响中具有部分中介效应（β=-0.084,P<0.001）,总效应为-0.514（P<0.001）,中介效应占比为16.3%。结论本组养老机构老年人的成功老龄化水平较高,孤独感对成功老龄化具有直接负向效应,领悟社会支持在孤独感与成功老龄化的关系中起部分中介作用。建议重视养老机构老年人的孤独感状况,通过合理安排活动范围和活动时间、提高机构生活照料水平、关注老年人的心理健康、提升医疗康复水平等措施降低老年人的孤独感水平,提升老年人的领悟社会支持状况,从而促进老年人实现成功老龄化。

关键词: 成功老龄化, 养老机构, 老年人, 社会支持, 孤独感, 中介效应

Abstract: Objective To explore the mediating effect of perceived social support between loneliness and successful aging among elderly people in nursing homes. Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select 428 elderly people from 8 nursing homes in Hebei Province and Tianjin City from August to December 2020, and they were surveyed by using the Successful Aging Scale, the Scale of Perceived Social Support and the Loneliness Scale-Short Version. The structural equation modeling was established by AMOS23.0 and Bootstrap was used to test the model. Results The total score of loneliness, perceived social support and successful aging in this group of elderly people was 16.65±2.70, 62.52±7.27 and 55.79±7.20, respectively. The results of structural equation modeling showed that loneliness had a direct negative effect on successful aging (β=-0.430,P<0.001), and perceived social support had partial mediating effect in the effect of loneliness on successful aging (β=-0.084, P<0.001), and the total effect was -0.514 (P<0.001), with a mediating effect of 16.3%. Conclusion The level of successful aging among the elderly in this group is high. Loneliness has a direct negative effect on successful aging, and perceived social support plays a partially mediating role between loneliness and successful aging. It is recommended to reduce the loneliness of elderly people through reasonable arrangement of activities, improvement of living care, psychological health of elderly people, and medical rehabilitation, so as to enhance the realization of successful aging of elderly people by improving their perceived social support.

Key words: successful aging, nursing home, the elderly, social support, loneliness, the mediation effect

中图分类号:

R473.2

韩静, 胡惠菊, 唐启群, 成杰, 郭雪琪. 领悟社会支持在养老机构老年人孤独感与成功老龄化的中介效应[J]. 护理学报, 2021, 28(17): 53-58.

HAN Jing, HU Hui-ju, TANG Qi-qun, CHENG Jie, Guo Xue-qi. Mediating Effect of Perceived Social Support on Loneliness and Successful Aging of Elderly in Nursing Homes[J]. Journal of Nursing, 2021, 28(17): 53-58.

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