目的 旨在深入研究精神分裂症住院患者家属对于患者身边资源取向的认知及体验,为制定康复策略提供科学依据。方法 采用目的抽样法,于2021年1-12月,对15例慢性精神分裂症住院患者家属,依据访谈提纲进行半结构化面对面访谈。结果 家属对于患者康复过程中寻求资源的认知表现为:对患者自身、家庭和社会的资源认知不足,患者勤奋好学的生活习惯可作为康复动力;家属自身的人际关系质量决定着寻求社会资源的程度;家庭功能良好有利于寻求资源。家属对于资源获取困难原因理解为：致病基因导致患病的疾病观念拒绝寻求资源;患者既往不良生活经历妨碍获取资源的信心;患者的疾病状态决定了资源利用程度;人际关系不良限制了寻求资源的意愿。结论 受到疾病观念和家庭功能的影响限制了对康复资源的获取。未来家属教育需增加精神疾病医学新模式来更新疾病观念,提供情感支持来改善家庭功能等,提高家庭对资源的认知程度。
Objective To in-depth study the cognition on and experience of resource orientation of family members of hospitalized schizophrenic patients on, and provide scientific basis for formulating rehabilitation strategies. Methods Purposive sampling was used to select 15 family members of chronic schizophrenic inpatients from January to December 2021, and a face-to-face semi-structured interview was conducted. Results In terms of the patient's recovery process, the cognitions of family members in seeking resources were insufficient understanding of the patient's own resources, family resources and social resources; the patient's diligent and studious lifestyle serving as motivation for recovery; the quality of the family member's interpersonal relationships determining the extent of seeking social resources; good family functioning which is conducive to seeking resources. Family members understood the reasons for the difficulty in obtaining resources as follows: the belief that the disease was caused by disease-causing genes led to a refusal to seek resources; past negative life experiences of the patient hindered confidence in obtaining resources; the patient's disease status determined the extent of resource utilization, and poor interpersonal relationships restricted the willingness to seek resources. Conclusion The limitation of accessing rehabilitation resources is influenced by both the perception of the disease and the functionality of the family. In the future, family education should focus on introducing new models in psychiatric medicine to update the understanding of the disease. Emotional support should also be provided to improve family functionality, thus to enhance the family's awareness of available resources.
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