目的 探索居家产褥期妇女孤独感的潜在类别,分析不同孤独感潜在类别的影响因素。方法 于2022年8月—2023年4月便利抽取广州市某三级甲等妇幼专科医院产后42 d门诊的390例产妇为调查对象。采用一般资料调查问卷、UCLA孤独感量表简化版、Lubben社会网络量表-6及产后社会支持量表进行调查。对居家产褥期妇女的孤独感特征进行潜在类别分析,通过单因素分析和logistic回归分析探索孤独感潜在类别的影响因素。结果 （1）居家产褥期妇女孤独感分为高水平-高波动孤独感组（33.8%）和低水平孤独感组（66.2%）2个潜在类别;（2）是否为初产妇、是否聘请月嫂、朋友隔离、情感支持、评价支持是居家产褥期妇女孤独感潜在类别的独立影响因素。结论 本研究识别出居家产褥期妇女2个孤独感潜在类别,初产妇、未聘请月嫂、存在朋友隔离、低水平情感支持、低水平评价支持的居家产褥期妇女发生孤独感的概率较高。社区应重视产褥期妇女孤独感状况,并根据不同类别居家产褥期妇女的特征给予针对性支持。
Abstract
Objective To explore the potential categories of loneliness among puerperal women at home and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods From August 2022 to April 2023, 390 postpartum women who attended the outpatient clinic within the first 42 days following birth in one tertiary grade-A hospital specializing in women and children’s health in Guangzhou were conveniently sampled as the survey subjects. The General Information Questionnaire, Simplified version of UCLA Loneliness Scale, Lubben Social Network Scale-6 and Postpartum Social Support Scale were used for the investigation. Potential category analysis of was conducted for the characteristics of loneliness of home-based puerperal women, and the influencing factors underlying the potential categories of loneliness were explored by univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis. Results （1）The loneliness among puerperal women at home was divided into two potential categories : high level-high fluctuation loneliness group (33.8%) and low-level loneliness group (66.2%).（2）Whether being primipara, whether to hire a maternity matron, friend network, emotional support, and evaluation support were the influencing factors of the potential category of loneliness in puerperium women at home. Conclusion This study identifies 2 potential categories of loneliness in home-based puerperal women. Women being primipara, without hiring a maternity matron, being isolated from friends, and with lower emotional support and evaluation support have a higher probability of experiencing loneliness. Community should pay attention to the loneliness of puerperal women, and give targeted support according to the characteristics of different types of home puerperal women.
关键词
产褥期 /
孤独感 /
潜在类别分析 /
社会隔离 /
社会支持
Key words
puerperium /
loneliness /
potential category analysis /
social isolation /
social support
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基金
广州市科技计划项目（202102080284）
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